The charitable remainder trust (CRT) is one of the most efficient estate planning tools available to anyone holding assets that have experienced significant appreciation like stocks, real estate, or a business. Under ordinary circumstances, income from these assets suffers heavy taxation. CRTs can reduce taxation on this income in the present and facilitate an effective future donation to a charity you select.  Jim Martindale's expert understanding of CRTs can empower you to take advantage of their numerous benifits.

• CRT's are irrevocable trusts that actually provide for and maintain two sets of beneficiaries. The first set are the income beneficiaries (you and, if married, a spouse).

• Income beneficiaries receive a set percentage of income for your lifetime from the trust. The second set of beneficiaries are the charities you name. They receive the principal of the trust after the income beneficiaries pass away.

• While a CRT is an irrevocable trust, you and your spouse may change the charitable beneficiaries at any time. Under certain conditions, you may even serve as trustees of the CRT. As trustees, you can maintain full investment control of the assets inside the CRT.

• Because their assets are destined for a charity, Charitable Remainder Trusts do not pay any capital gains taxes. These taxes can range from 10% to 20% of an asset's growth in value. For this reason, CRTs are ideal for assets like stocks or property with a low cost basis but high appreciated value.

• Funding a CRT with highly-appreciated assets (like real estate) allows you to sell those assets without paying any capital gains taxes. Since CRTs have a charitable intent and do not have to pay capital gains, the full value of any assets transfers to the trust (and thus, to your family and favorite charity).

• The amount of income to come out of the CRT depends upon the payout percentage that you choose, and the amount of income your assets generate while inside the CRT.

• The IRS states that, at a very minimum, the CRT must distribute at least 5% of the net fair market value of its assets. If you don't need the income one year, you may elect to defer income through a "makeup provision." However, the CRT's net distributions must eventually equal 5% to be considered valid by the IRS.

• When setting the payout percentage, be forewarned: the higher it is, the lower your charitable income tax deduction. Considering market conditions and the possibility that taking out too much may reduce the principal inside the trust, you should probably not receive income of more than 10% each year.

• Many clients use Charitable Remainder Trusts to augment their current retirement plan. By setting one up in your peak earning years, you can make contributions to the CRT in the form of zero coupon bonds, non-dividend paying growth stocks, or professionally-managed variable annuities.

• By letting the CRT grow without taking income from it during the early years, the CRT can begin making payouts to you when you retire. These payouts can include makeups for any shortfalls in income you did not receive earlier. Unlike IRAs or 401(k) plans, there are no limits on how much you can contribute.

• A CRT is considered "outside of your estate" by the IRS. Because of this, you may end up saving as much as 55 cents of every dollar you move to the CRT. Plus, you are not limited in how much you can contribute by the annual gifting limit or the Unified Credit.

• CRTs, because they benefit a charity, also qualify you for an income tax deduction. The amount of your deduction is the present value of the remainder interest to the charity.

• Your current deduction also depends on the type of property you contribute, as well as the type of charity you name as a beneficiary.

• Average deductions normally fall in the range of 20-50% against your adjusted gross income. Any deductions not used in the year of contribution may be carried forward for the next five years.